Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are the primary site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production through the process of cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, mitochondria convert the energy stored in glucose and other nutrients into ATP, which cells use as a direct energy source for various metabolic processes.

Structurally, mitochondria have a unique double membrane, with the inner membrane being highly folded into structures known as cristae. These folds increase the surface area available for electron transport chains, where the critical stages of ATP production occur. The matrix of the mitochondria contains enzymes necessary for the Krebs cycle, further emphasizing their role in energy metabolism.

The importance of mitochondria extends beyond energy production; they are also involved in regulating cellular metabolism, signaling, and apoptosis, underscoring their vital role in maintaining cellular health and function. Thus, identifying mitochondria as the powerhouse of the cell is rooted in their essential role in energy transformation and metabolism within living organisms.