Which of the following does not favor the Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

The Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characteristics suggests that traits developed during the lifetime of an organism can be passed on to its offspring. This idea is exemplified in the notion that physical changes that occur as a direct response to environmental demands can influence future generations.

The scenario of the melanization of the peppered moth in industrial areas does not align with Lamarck's theory because the changes observed in the moths are a direct result of natural selection rather than acquired characteristics. As the environment changed due to industrial pollution, darker-colored moths had a survival advantage because they were better camouflaged against predators. This led to an increase in the population of those moths through natural selection, not because the moths acquired a trait during their lifetime and then passed it to their offspring. This process is an example of evolution through natural selection, which contrasts with the principles of Lamarckism.

In contrast, the other choices reflect scenarios that could be interpreted in a Lamarckian context, such as the stretching of a giraffe’s neck supposedly allowing it to reach higher leaves and subsequently passing that trait to its offspring.