What type of plants are known to have adaptations to dry environments?

Xerophytes are the type of plants that have developed specific adaptations to thrive in dry environments where water is scarce. These adaptations enable them to conserve water and survive in conditions that would be detrimental to other types of plants. Common examples of xerophytic adaptations include thick, waxy cuticles that minimize water loss, reduced leaf surface area to limit transpiration, and specialized structures like stomata that can close during the hottest part of the day to further restrict water loss. Additionally, xerophytes may have deep root systems to access underground water sources or modified photosynthesis processes that are more efficient in arid conditions.

In contrast, hydrophytes are plants that live in water or very moist environments and would not be suited to dry conditions. Mesophytes thrive in moderate moisture environments, which means they require a balanced level of water and cannot adapt well to extreme dryness. Halophytes are plants that live in saline environments, like salt marshes, and while they can tolerate high salt levels, they don't necessarily have adaptations specific to dry conditions. Therefore, xerophytes are specifically adapted for survival and growth in arid environments, making them the correct choice.