What is the role of mitochondria in cells?

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell because they play a crucial role in energy production. They are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. This energy is generated through a process known as oxidative phosphorylation, which occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

During cellular respiration, mitochondria convert chemical energy stored in nutrients, like glucose, into ATP through a series of metabolic pathways, including the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. This makes them vital for the functioning of any cell that requires energy for growth, maintenance, and various biochemical processes.

The other options relate to different cellular functions. While protein synthesis primarily occurs in ribosomes, storage of genetic material takes place in the nucleus, and detoxification may involve various organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Mitochondria are specifically dedicated to generating energy, highlighting their unique and essential role in cellular metabolism.