What is the primary reason there is no life on the moon?

The absence of water is a critical factor in the inability for life to exist on the moon. Water is essential for all known forms of life as it serves as a solvent for biochemical reactions, helps regulate temperature, and is involved in nutrient transport. The moon has negligible water, with only trace amounts found in the form of ice in permanently shadowed craters. This lack of accessible liquid water means that biochemical processes necessary for life, as we understand it, cannot occur.

While other factors such as radiation, extreme temperatures, and the lack of atmosphere also contribute to the harsh conditions on the moon, the absence of water is the primary reason life, particularly life similar to that on Earth, cannot be sustained. Without water, the fundamental requirements for cellular function and metabolism, as well as ecological sustainability, cannot be met, eliminating the possibility of life as we know it.