What are the four main components of DNA?

The four main components of DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, which are the four types of nitrogenous bases that make up the structure of DNA. In DNA, these bases pair specifically: adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine. This base pairing is essential for the double helix structure of DNA and plays a crucial role in the processes of replication and transcription, where the genetic information is copied and converted into RNA, respectively.

The other options do not pertain to the fundamental components of DNA. Glucose, fructose, ribose, and deoxyribose are types of sugars, but only deoxyribose is a component of DNA. The mention of protein, lipid, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid represents broader categories of biomolecules rather than specific components of DNA. Lastly, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol, and nucleotides also refer to types of biomolecules, with only nucleotides being relevant to DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and a phosphate group, but the specific bases that make up DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.