The study of fossils is referred to as:

The study of fossils is known as paleontology, which is a branch of science dedicated to understanding the history of life on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. Paleontologists analyze these remains to reconstruct past ecosystems and evolutionary processes. Fossils provide critical insights into how species have changed over time, the environmental conditions that existed at different points in history, and the relationships between extinct organisms and modern species.

In contrast, archaeology focuses on human history and prehistory through the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and structures created by ancient civilizations. Anthropology is the study of humans, their behavior, culture, and biological aspects, including a broader view of humanity and not specifically fossilized remains. Biology, while encompassing the study of living organisms and their interactions, does not specifically focus on fossils or ancient life forms. Thus, paleontology is the correct term for the study of fossils, as it encompasses the methodologies and frameworks used to interpret the ancient biological records preserved in sedimentary rocks.